Napoleons plan to invade England failed when Admiral Nelson defeated the French at Trafalgar. The 19th century was marked also with wars: the Crimean War, The Second Afghan War and The Boer Wars. The WW I began in 1914. During the first two years the Germans invaded Belgium, swept through France, and were turned back by Marshall Foch. The Allies and the Germans then engaged in trench warfare on the west front. The Russian attacked Germany but weren’t very successful. In 1917 the USA entered the war and the Soviet Russia withdrew from the conflict. The Allies led by Marshall Foch won in 1918. The terms of peace were dictated at the Treaty of Paris which was signed on January 25, 1919. In 1938 Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain together with the representatives of France and Italy signed a pact with Hitler in Munich allowing Germany to have the Sudetenland. This did not prevent the Germans from seizing the rest of Bohemia and Moravia (Slovakia became a satelite state) soon afterwards. On September 1, 1939, the Germans invaded Poland and Britain declared war on Germany on September 3. The WW II began. In 1940 German forces seized Denmark, Norway, Belgium and Holland. Britain was not able to prevent this because of her weak land forces. Italy entered the war on Germany’s side. France capitulated. Winston Churchill became the Prime Minister of Britain. In the Battle of Britain the German Luftwaffe inflicted great damage of London and other cities, but was defeated by the Royal Air Force. In 1941 Germany conquered Yugoslavia, Greece and Crete and invaded Russia. At the same time when the Germans were defeated in front of Moscow, the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor and the USA entered the war. In 1944 the Allies landed in Italy and in France(Normandy). In 1945 Germany was defeated by the Allies and Japan capitulated shortly after the atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The WW II ended on September 2, 1945. The Postdam Conference declared that Germany, including Berlin, should be divided into 4 zones governed by the British, French, American and Russian authorities. During the decade after the WW II Britain had to recognize the independence of the majority of its colonies. Nevertheless, most remained members of the Commonwealth.