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Relative Clauses - Stylistics
Dátum pridania: | 19.11.2003 | Oznámkuj: | 12345 |
Autor referátu: | 1peggy1 | ||
Jazyk: | Počet slov: | 3 289 | |
Referát vhodný pre: | Stredná odborná škola | Počet A4: | 9.9 |
Priemerná známka: | 2.94 | Rýchle čítanie: | 16m 30s |
Pomalé čítanie: | 24m 45s |
The first one is that the pronouns are directly translated, the second one is that the pronoun is not even translated and the third one is that there is formed new sentence from the relative clause. The direct translation is extended in 49 percentage. The second case is used in 46 per cent and the third case is used only in 5 per cent. The relative pronoun "which" is translated as: "ktorý/-á"in sixteen cases, "čo" in three cases and it also is not mentioned in the translation in sexteen cases and there are also new sentences done from the relative clause that followed the pronoun in two cases. (table 1)
Eg: When abreast of a trunk which appeared to be the oldest of the old, he became
aware…
Keď došiel k stromu, ktorý vyzeral najstarší, zbadal…
The pronoun "who" is translated to more words: "ktorý/-á"in five cases, "kto" in two cases, "čo" also in two cases, and again it is left in five cases and there are done new sentences in two cases. (table 2)
Eg: It came from the man who held the reins.
Trhané zvuky pochádzali od muža, čo držal opraty.
"That" is translated in a different way that we have expected to be translated in some cases as "ktorý/-á". It is translated in two cases as: "aká/-é", "čo" is translated in one case and it also is not translated in five sentences. (table 3)
Eg: …in tones that had more mellowness than clearness,…
…skôr mäkkými ako ostrými tónmi,…
"Zero" pronoun is not translated in any special way. (table 4)
Eg: Nobody appeared, and he heard the person xxx retreat among the bushes.
Nikto nevyšiel, a iba počul, ako sa neznáma vykráda spomedzi kríčkov.
"Whose" is translated in expected way: in three cases it is not translated, in two cases it is translated as "čej/čí" and in another two instances is it used as "ktorej/komu". The pronoun "of whose" is not mentioned in the translation.(table 5)
Eg: Whose farm were you upon last?
Na čej farme ste robili naposledy?
"Where" is translated in all three possibilities, which we have already mentioned. (table 6)
Eg: …at the sides, or, where the flow was more rapid, the stream…
V miestach, kde bol tok rýchlejší, prúd…
"What" is used as a relative pronoun instead of the thing that in some sentences. (table 7)
Eg: …on the other side upon what he found to be ploughed soil,…
…na druhú stranu, ako neskôr zistil na oráčinu…
"When" is used only in two sentences and it is translated in two ways. The first one is "keď" – in one case and the other one case is that it is not mentioned in the translation.
Zdroje: Porovnávacia gramatika anglického a slovenského jazyka I
- Miroslav Bázlik, Martin Votruba, A Concise Grammar of Contemporary English - Sidney Greenbaum, Randolph Quirk, Far From the Madding Crowd - Thomas Hardy, Ďaleko od hlučiaceho davu - Thomas Hardy, translator Zora Juráková, Porovnávacia gramatika anglického a slovenského jazyka I- Miroslav Bázlik, Martin Votruba, A Concise Grammar of Contemporary English - Sidney Greenbaum, Randolph Quirk, Far From the Madding Crowd - Thomas Hardy, Ďaleko od hlučiaceho davu - Thomas Hardy, translator Zora Juráková