THE PHOTOGRAPH
The photograph was invited by French Joseph Niepce when he found out how to save the picture in the „camera obscura“ (darkroom) – in a box. By that time camera obscura was used only by painters, to whom it helped to draw the nature. The first photograph was taken by Niepce in the year 1826. In year 1837, his younger colleague Louis Daguerre invented the method that reduced the time of exposition to less than half minute. That enabled the boom of portrait pictures. The basics of modern photography laid down William Fox-Talbot with his two inventions in 1939. The First of them is the use of negative and positive which enables to make more copies of one picture, the second one is the invention of latent picture and reduction of the time of exposition to a fraction of a second. The first colour photograph was taken by Clerk Maxwell in the year 1861.

PAPER
Before the paper was invited, people used anything they could for writing: in China they used silk or bamboo; in India palm leaves; in Babylon clay tables; in Greece wax tables! Around the year 2500 BC, the Egyptians started to use papyrus, which is a cane pressed and in 2 lays glued together. The paper was invited by a Chinese Cai Lun in 105. In 751 a few of the Chinese paper makers were captured near Samarkand. This caused more than 400 years long way to the west. Today the paper is made mainly of grain.