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Nedeľa, 24. novembra 2024
London: historical monuments
Dátum pridania: 12.11.2004 Oznámkuj: 12345
Autor referátu: gola2
 
Jazyk: Angličtina Počet slov: 4 366
Referát vhodný pre: Gymnázium Počet A4: 13.5
Priemerná známka: 2.94 Rýchle čítanie: 22m 30s
Pomalé čítanie: 33m 45s
 
Most English sovereigns were also buried here, and the Abbey contains many outstanding royal tombs. The Abbey contains many other tombs and memorials to eminent men and women, but perhaps the most popular ones are those writers, actors and famous musicians, politicians and churchmen in Poets´ Corner. Geoffrey Chaucer was the first to be buried, in 1400, in Poets´ Corner. Winston Churchill is remembered with a marble slab placed near the tomb of an unknown soldier.
One of the Abbey´s many beauties is the 16th century Henry VII´s Chapel, where the king and his wife lie beneath the most exquisite fan vaulting.

BUCKINGHAM PALACE: Buckimgham palace is the London residence of the Queen Elizabeth II. and her husband and family. The Royal Standard is on top when the Queen is in residence. There are the guards in red coatand with high bearskin hats.

ST. PAUL´S CATHEDRAL: St. Paul´s Cathedral is the heart of City of London. It is very large and it was built between 1675 and 1710. It is the work of a well-known English architect Sir Christopher Wren. This great renaissance church is dedicated to the honour of Saint Paul.
The history of St. Paul´s begins in 604 A.D. when it was probably a wooden structure. The cathedral was 4x destroyed and rebuilt. Lastest was rebuilt, when the Great Fire of 1666 had destroyed the Norman Church of „Old St. Paul´s“ Sir Christopher Wren designed a new church again which has more or less the same appearence today.
The inscription above Wren´s tomb in the Crypt reads: „If you seek the monument, look around you“.
In the crypt there are the tombs of some Britain´s great heroes, including Admiral lord Nelson, Sir Alexander Fleming , the Duke of Wellington, etc.
A person standing at the entrance to the Whispering Gallery can be hear clearly what a guide on the opposite side may be saying.
During the WWII the cathedral suffered two direct hits from high-explosive bombs.

St. Paul´s Cathedral is the seat of the Bishop of London and the spiritual centre of the City. It has a longer history than any other existing English institution. Its history is definite from the year 604 onwards, with Saxon buildings, then a vast medieval cathedral. The Great Fire of London in 1666 ruined it. Sir Christopher Wren rebuilt 52 City churches and St. Paul´s Cathedral is his masterpiece. He supervised its building from acros the river, in a house from which he could watch his magnificient opus arise. His mammoth achievement took 35 years.

It has a nave 180 feet long and a height of 365 feet from the floor to the top of the cross. There are a lot of artistic paintings and frescos which can be seen from the Whispering Gallery 100 feet above floor level. The famous Whispering Gallery is the spot, where the slightest sound can be heard right round its circumference.
Its bells, its organ and choir are familiar to those who love the City. It is often the scene of great occasions: services attended by Royalty, consecrations of bishops, services for the Forces, for sailors, the Red Cross, many Church, educational and musical activities. The Cathedral was a place where the royal wedding of Prince Charles and Princess Diana took place in 1981.

St. Paul´s is the resting place of Admiral Nelson and the Duke of Wellington. While it has witnessed sombre funeral processions, the bell called Great Tom is generally only tolled for the deaths of members of the royal family, bishops of London, deans of St. Paul´s and the Lord Mayor of London, should he or she die in office.
St. Paul´s is also a resting place of Sir Christopher Wren with the simple inscription on Wren´s tomb, repeated on a stone under the dome: „If you seek a monument, look around you.“

MONUMENT: In 1666 the Great Fire destroyed a large part of London. The fire broke out in a baker´s shop. There were a lot of wooden houses so the flames spread fast. The memorial was built in 1671 – 77 to commemorate the Great Fire of London. The columns is 202 feet and has 311 steps in it.

PICCADILLY CIRCUS: Piccadilly circus is the very famous square in the heart of London. In the middle of Piccadilly there is a statue of Eros – the God of Love. A winged figure, balancing on one foot and holding a bow in one hand, and shooting an imaginary arrow. Eros first came to PC in 1893, paid for by the nation as a memorial to great social reformer, Lord Shaftesbury, and intended to represent the spirit of Christian charity „flying swiftly as an arrow to help those in need.“ His sculptor was Sir Alfred Gilbert.

It is the heart of London´s entertainment world. Many buildings are decorated with bright neon signs. We find most of London´s theatres and cinemas, the most famous restaurants and nightclubs. It is particularly in the evening that PC is thronged with peole going to the theatre or the cinema, or perhaps to a restaurant. Many others have come for an evening stroll. The crowd is mixed, for it is composed of peole of many nationalities.

VICTORIA STATION: Victoria Station is one of the oldest railway stations in London. It is a place from which people travel to Europe or arriving in the capital.It looks like a very small town. There are stalls, small shops, restaurants, snack bars, cafés, information centers, an exchnge office, etc.

WINDSOR: Windsor is a small town about 22 miles from London. Windsor Castle dominates the small town. It is a family residence. Queen Elizabeth and other members of Royal Family spend much of their time there. In summer there are thousands of visitors there.
In Windsor is a famous school for children form famous people called Eaton.
 
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