Conclusion

The main objective of this work was to analyze, how the Slovak translations of the scientific-popular text, in this case the books of Stephen Hawking, deal with the original and how properly, with regards to the above written factors were they done. According to linguistic and stylistic analysis of the source text, we can observe that nowadays there is a field of presentation of the results of the scientific research the tendency to mediate attractive and interesting way. It means that there is strong presence of author`s personality, which brings more subjectivity and expresiveness. The author`s subjective sense of impressions and experiences are part of these texts. But they should be eliminated in maximum rate according to the used stylistic methods and rules. The latest scientific information is presented to the reader in the background of exciting stories. A receiver of this type of text is enriched by a number of scientific information and aesthetic experience.We can find quite a lot similarities typical for literary literature (e.g., epithets, simile, personification and metaphor). As for compositional stylistic methods, there are together with scientific description as a reflection of narrative.

The result of the translator`s work should be the translation comparable with the source text not only in the aspect of content, but also in the linguistic and stylistic aspect. To create this kind of translation, translator has to do deep analysis of the source text. He has to identify basic features of its textual structure and find adequate means for transmitting these elements into translation.
All these factors create very demanding situation for translator, who has to, besides scientific information, transmit also literary elements to his work. Translator of these texts is not qualified only to be a specialist in the given scientific field. He has to have a relevant linguistic background that will help him to translate also literary elements, which make these texts attractive for readers. Often, translating these elements has an impact on work performing the language of the target culture. It may have the same attraction as a source text.

The comparative interpretation of A Brief History of Time results in the translator`s effort to translate the professional side of the text, where he could use all his knowledge and experience in this field. The translation is shifted into more scientific level. Author wrote this book the way more understandable to the reader. This fact can be caused by the reality, that Slovak texts of the scientific prose style does not indicate the influence of the author like in the style of Anglophone countries. During translation by the specialist of the given scientific field (as we mentioned, Šurda is a physician), there is special attention given to scientific aspect of the translation instead of aesthetic aspect, what often complicates receiving of the text in the target language. The basic feature of Slovak translation of Hawking`s A Brief History of Time is its formlessness. Alongside the passages where it is very hard to upbraid with something, we can find the passages that would need more preciseness and adherence. Translator is often satisfied with verbal translation and basic meaning of a word. There are missing another levels of translation, like analysis of adequacy of translation or applicability of the concrete language situation at the level of sentence, paragraph, logical unit, chapter, relations among chapters or whole book as a unit. Translator did not use all the possibilities offered by linguistic means of the target language – Slovak and that`s why he deprived the reader of aesthetic experience from the reading of this book

In comparison, the translation of the second Hawking`s book The Universe in a Nutshell, is slightly different. So is the author`s own style. There is the visible ten-years gap between both books which resulted in the original text and the text of translation as well. In comparison with A Brief History of Time, this book is more graphically rich and the text is less difficult to understand even for less experienced reader. Regarding the means of expression, Hawking uses less scientific expressions and prefers that, what we call literary elements in non-literary texts. The Kapišinský`s translation obeys the original text, it aims to represent the characteristic lines of author`s own style, the text supposed to invoke the feeling as being the primary text. The typical feature of this translation is the shift from the author`s style to the needs of the potential recipient, a Slovak reader. The less importance is kept for the adherence to the original text, but the idea is translated instead of words. Althought Kapišinský is the man of science, astrophysicist, he cooperated with another specialist, lecturer Balek to ensure the perfect mastery of the scientific side of translation. The second Slovak translation of the Hawking`s book is incomparably better. Due to this, we should mention, that Kapišinský`s translation was awarded the prize in the Slovak translator`s competition Matej Bell Award in 2003.

From this point of view it is evident, that translations of these types of texts should be realized by professional, who has outstanding linguistic preparation or has some experience with translation from the style of literary works. It enables him to create adequate translation of the literary elements and also their functional integration into the complete structure of the text. Translator – specialist for the given scientific field is more concentrated onto the scientific side of the translation than to linguistic and aesthetic, what can cause worse communicativeness of the translation in the culture of the target language. As for a conclusion, we could claim, that the best combinations when translating scientific-popular literature, is translator-scientist with assistant-philologist or translator-philologist with assistant-scientist.