Typology of the Expressional Changes in Translation

Under expressional changes in translation we understand changes, which happen in the process of translation on macro-stylistic and micro-stylistic levels of the work. Under macro-stylistics of the translation we understand expressional arrangement of the higher levels in the text of the translation, from the sentence up to the text as a whole. These changes in translation are usually motivated by the communication interest of the receiver. Under micro-stylistic level we understand expressional arrangement of the lower linguistic levels in the text of the translation – from phoneme up to the sentence. At this level there are the most frequent translating operations and translator`s struggle to master expressional structure of the original happens here.
Expressional agreement – means adequate perceiving of the semantic invariant of the original, achievement of the stylistic equivalency in the translation.
Expressional substitution – it is a functional substitution of untranslatable expressive elements by the elements with approximately same expressional value. This method means decoding not on the level of language, but on the level of style (expression). Substitution can happen at for example translating of the phraseologies, where foreign phraseology is substituted by domestic phraseology with similar expressional value.
Expressional inversion – functional moving of the expressional elements of the original to another place in the text of translation. Inversion can happen in the sentence or in the wider part of the text.
Expressional intensifying – deflecting of the source text`s expressive features by means of subjectivity and expressiveness in translation caused by deliberate overemphasizing of the characteristic expressional features of the original.
Expressional standardization – translator`s transformations emphasizes characteristic expressional features of the source text, for example, keeping the speech peculiarities of the characters of the literary text.
Expressional individualization – translator`s transformation gradated unique expressional features of the original over its real state. Translator`s expressional idiolect moves to the front.
Expressional emasculation – de-emphasizing of the expressional features of the source text, for example, the reduction of the expressivities.
Expressional equalization – dismission of the unique, specific features of the expressional structure of the original in the translation.
Expressional loss – depriving of the important expressional elements of the original or their total extinction in translation, for example, loss of expressivities and images.

Given summary of the expressional shifts of the changes enables better orientation in individual kinds of shifts and changes in translation and their better identification in the concrete text at comparative analysis. The individual shifts on individual levels of the stylistic composition of the text are mutually dependent. For example, thematic shift influences also micro-stylistics and vice versa changes at macro-stylistic level influence the semantic of the theme.