Syntactic rules:

1. predicative (je tá časť vety, kt. vypovedá o podmete)
That’s right. He is drunk. He is totally crazy.

2. attributive (prívlastok je vo verb phrase)
What shall we do with a drunken sailor? He is a deeply sick man.

Adverb phrase
e. g.: there, quietly, pretty, soon, fortunately, enough

Syntactic rules:
A: Modifier in adjective phrase or adverb phrase:
These two were pretty much horribly spoiled.
/pre-modifier(adverb)//AP(adverb)/
He was a little creature with sweetly expressive face.
/pre-mod. by adverb//adjective/

B: Adverbial:
She smiled sweetly. They sang soothingly well.
AP / pre-mod. //AP/

Prepositional phrase
Mostly consists of a preposition followed by a NP (called prepositional complement)
e. g.: to town; in the morning; on the right; of the first day; in a street with no name

Nouns – Number

Regular plurals
The plural of most noun is made by just adding –s to the singular. But there are some special cases:
- If the sg ends in consonant + y, the pl is normally made by changing y to I and adding –es: baby – babies
- If the sg ends in vowel + y the plural is made by adding –s: day – days
- Proper names ending in consonant + y usually have plural in –ys: Do you know the Kennedys?

Singular and plural irregular and special

▪ plural of nouns ending in sh, ch, s, x, z
- plural is made by adding –es: church – churches, buzz – buzzes
- noun ending in a single –z have plural in –zzes: fez – fezzes

▪ plural of nouns ending in o
- same have ending in –es: potato – potatoes, negro – negroes
- vowel + o → -s: radio – radios
- same have ending in –s: photo – photos, commando – commandos, logo – logos, solo – solos
- a few common words ending in –o can have plurals in –s or –es: buffalo, mosquito

Irregular special plurals

1. irregular plurals in –ves:

calf – calves
elf – elves
half – halves
knife – knives
self – selves
leaf – leaves
life – lives
loaf – loaves
shelf – shelves
thief – thieves
sheaf – sheaves
wife – wives
wolf – wolves

- dwarf, hoof, scarf and wharf can have plurals in either –fs or –ves
- other words ending in –fe are regular

2. other irregular plurals:

child – children mouse – mice ox – oxen tooth - teeth
food – feed man – men penny – pence woman - women
goose – geese louse – lice person – people

- The regular plural penny can be used to talk about separate penny coins (and one-cent coins in USA). Pence is used to talk about prices and sums of money.
- Some British people use pence as a singular.
- Persons is sometimes used in a plural of person of official language.