Consonant doubling of regularly inflected verbs

A single consonant letter at the end of the base is doubled before adding –ing or –ed, when the preceding vowel is stressed and spelled with a single letter:
drop – dropping – dropped
admit – admitting – admitted

Irregular lexical verb inflections

Classes of irregular verbs:
There are 7 main pattern (classes) – pozrieť v knihe!

Regular and irregular verbs – additional comments:

• For many verbs, regular and irregular variants can be used both as past tense verbs and as past participle
• The relative preference for regular v. irregular variants differs for each verb and is influenced by register as well as grammatical use
• The irregular variant is almost always preferred for the verbs hang and light except that in BrE hanged is used for the “death by hanging” sence
• The irregular variant is also preferred for the verbs leap, quit, spell, speed and wed although both variants are rare in some registers
• For five other verbs – sneak, dive, knit, lean and dream – the regular form is generally preferred (although both variants are rare in some registers)
• For spoilt the regular form is preferred for past tense, while the irregular form is preferred for past participle
• For burn, however, their form is preferred for past tense, while the regular form for past participle
• AmE has a stronger preference for the regular variants of these verbs than BrE

Primary verbs and their function

Be
– main verb, is most important copular verb in English, serving to link the subject noun phrase with a subject predicative or obligatory adverbial
You drank coffee like it was water.

- As an auxiliary verb – has 2 functions:
• marking progressive aspect: You are going so slow.
• passive voice: Each is called a path or a history.

Have
- As a transitive main verb, have is as common as the most frequent lexical verb in English.
- most common in conversation, least in academic prose
- can be used to make different relations:

PHYSICAL POSSETION
One of three of these families has two cars.
FAMILY CONNECTION
Jim is aged 40 and has two children.
FOOD CONSUMPTION
The kids had “superhero sundaes” which turned out to be merely ice cream.
EXISTENTIAL
But it really would be nice to have a young person on about the house again.

LINKING A PERSON TO SOME ABSTRACT QUALITY
I hope she has fun.
Will you have enough to do?
LINKING AN INANIMATE SUGJECT TO SOME ABSTRACT QUALITY
In practical terms, the gates and fences probably have little advantage over the waist-high barrier.
Stylistics can have other goals than this.
MARKING CAUSATION
The problem continues to be that a religious-fascist state wishes to hire professional terrorists to have me killed.