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Phonetics
Dátum pridania: | 08.04.2003 | Oznámkuj: | 12345 |
Autor referátu: | emmie | ||
Jazyk: | Počet slov: | 978 | |
Referát vhodný pre: | Stredná odborná škola | Počet A4: | 3.3 |
Priemerná známka: | 3.01 | Rýchle čítanie: | 5m 30s |
Pomalé čítanie: | 8m 15s |
The most coplex English sounds of the vowel type are the Thriptongs.
A thripthong is a glide from one vowel type to another and then to a third all produced rappidly and without interruption.
Add2* Acoustic phonetics
As mentioned above acoustic phonetics studies the transmission of sounds wave through the air.
The physicall properties of speech- sounds. The properties that characterize sound wave are:
1/Amplitude – the greater the amplitude the loudes the sound
2/ Frequency- the number of oscillations per second. The higher the frequency the higher in scale the pitch.
3/ Simplicity or complexity- complex sound waved involve waves of different frequencies superimposed on one another.
Acoustic phonetics in a highly technical study which depends heavily on very sophisticated measuring instruments.
Speech- is essentialy a continuum of articulation. A whole set of phonologically elements can then be defined as the domain of various suprasegmental elements- this set to calle dthe phonological hierarchy. The relations between the various elements of the phonological hierarchy are simple: a sentence consists of one or more intonation- group of each consists of a sequaency of one or more syllables.
Syllable- there are 2 theories about the ways in which syllables are formed phonetically
1/ one called prominence theory/ in any flow of speech some sounds are more prominent then others/
2/ the second theory, called pulse theory,/ claim that syllables can be detected by means of pulses of muscular/
Length – is the comparative duration of time taken for the utterance of a syllable
Pitch – is the accoustic result of the speed of vibrations of the vocal cords on the voiced parts of utterances
Stress – is characterized from the articulatory point of view by greater intensity
Another important feature of the utterances from the point of the view of stress and rhytm is the so- called juncture.
It is related to such differences in pronounciatons between nitrate- night rate. The distinction is not in the sounds of the phonemes or their allphones, but in the transition between the syllables of each pair.In english there are roughly 40 words that can be pronounced both strong and weak. We mush distinguish between weak form on the one hand, and contracted forms. We can say that the strong form is used in the following cases.
1/ at the end of sentence „Chips are what Iam fond of.“
2/ when a weak form word is being contrasted „ the letter fro him not to him“
3/ for the purpose of emphasis – „ you must give me more money“
4/ when a weak form word is being ,,quoted,, „ You shouldn´t put „and „ at the end of the sentence.
The most important part of intonation is played by pitch. We descirbe pitch in terms of high and low reffering to the end of the pitch scale.
Zdroje: Essentials of English Linguistics- Pavol Stekauer