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Common Agriculture Policy in European Union
Dátum pridania: | 25.05.2002 | Oznámkuj: | 12345 |
Autor referátu: | silvia_o | ||
Jazyk: | Počet slov: | 4 356 | |
Referát vhodný pre: | Stredná odborná škola | Počet A4: | 15 |
Priemerná známka: | 2.93 | Rýchle čítanie: | 25m 0s |
Pomalé čítanie: | 37m 30s |
Currently, the part of the CAP expenditures are trying to be diminished.
Saturated world market
The economic and technical progress of the agriculture field concerns not only the Europe but it transforms the agriculture in many other countries. This leads to a moderately but continuously increasing supply. As the EU production increases a lot, the internal market becomes saturated. In 10 years, the European Community passed from the deficit to the auto sufficiency, then, in the middle of the 70’s to the surpluses. In the same time, consumption and outlets on the world market became rarer. The raising power of the EU increased the competition between the largest world exporters of agriculture products and especially the United States. Even if the Single Market is for them an attractive outlet, the Community preference appears like hindering their exportations. This point of view created some difficulties during the WTO negotiations. The external demands, especially by the US during the Uruguay round of the GATT negotiations, were directed mainly against the export restitution payments, which were regarded as serious obstacles to the promotion of fairer international trade since they enabled the selling of EC products in third markets. The relations with the US concerning the CAP are a problem the EU will have to solve in the future.
As a result of these pressures, the CAP has undergone several reforms.
REFORMS
The first attempt at reform came just ten years after its creation. In 1968, the Commission published a “Memorandum on the reform of the CAP”, commonly known as the Mansholt Plan, named after Sicco Mansholt who was Vice-President of the Commission and responsible for the CAP at that time. The Plan sought to reduce the number of people employed in agriculture and to promote the formation of larger and more efficient units of agricultural production. In 1972, structural measures were introduced into the CAP, with the aim of modernising European agriculture. But despite continued structural changes in the following years, problems persisted; the supply and the demand of agricultural products were not in balance, resulting in ever-growing surplus.
In 1983, the Commission made a proposal for fundamental reform, which was formally expressed two years later with the publication of the Green Paper on “Perspectives for the Common Agricultural Policy” (1985).