The main differences between a hologram and a standard camera shot are:
Firstly, a high contrast, very fine grain (3000 lines/mm) photographic film is needed to record all the information.
Secondly, the position of the film in the optical setup is different. Rather than recording the virtual image of the object a hologram records the diffraction pattern of the object.
Thirdly, we need a reference beam to illuminate the film, usually by splitting the light into two paths. The reference beam provides a means to produce an interference pattern within the film.
Fourthly, the interference can only be created between two lightwaves which are in-phase. So, the object has to be illuminated by coherent light, rather than the incoherent light produced by the Sun or a lightbulb. Nowadays this is achieved by a laser, giving single colour (monochromatic) images.
Holograms have many uses in art, science and technology. Several magazines have featured holograms on their covers. Holograms are found on credit cards, drivers licenses, and even clothing to help stop counterfeiting. It is possible to take flat medical images, such as a scan and have the final image as a three-dimensional hologram. Computer-generated holograms allow engineers and designers to visually see their creations like never before. Engineers also use holography to test quality control during manufacturing. Holograms are used in many airplanes and automobiles.