Australia is the Earth´s smallest continent , situated in the Southern Hemisphere between the Pacific and the Indian oceans. Its nearest neighbour in the north is New Guinea. The surface of Australia is mostly flat , only one twentieth of the whole continent is higher than 600 metres above the sea level. In central Australia there are three deserts – the Great Sandy Desert , the Gibson Desert and the Great Victoria Desert. In Australia are some mountains as a Australian Alps and Blue Mountains. The highest peak in Australia is Mt. Kosciusco , which is 2 230 metres high. The area of Australia is 7 686 848 sq km. The population is 17 335 900 people ,but 98 % are white and 228 000 Aborigians. The capital city is Canberra. Other big cities are Sydney , Melbourne , Brisbane , Perth , Darwin , Adelaide and very well-known cities are Cairns and Alice Springs. Australia is dividing on six parts : Western Australia , North territory , Southern Australia , Queensland , New Southern Wales and Act and Victoria.

Western Australia

Here is very visited big city Perth. Perth lies on river Swan.Surrounding lowland is bound to with Darling Range. Very famous places in Perth are St George´s Anglican Cathedral , Government House , Deanary ( here lived decanus of St George´s Anglican Cathedral ) , Old Fire Station , St Mary´s Roman Catholic Cathedral and Perth Mint (oldest monetagium in Australia in service). Next very visited place in Western Australi is Shark Bay World Heritage and Marine Park. This is natural reservation. This park is under security of UNESCO. Here are some intristing things. For example Shell Beach. This 60 km long beach is interesting , because is made of 10 metres high layer of seashells. Next things are Cape Inscription , François Peron National Park , Peron´s farm , Denham , Steep point , Eagle Bluff , Zuytdorp Cliffs and Monkey Mia. In Western Australia are the Gibson Desert and the Great Victoria Desert. Second big city in tis part of Australia except Perth is Derby. In Derby is very famous Wharfingers House , Old Derby Gaol ( old house of correction) and Botanic Garden.

North Territory

On north of North Teritory is city Darwin. Darwin was bottomed in 1864 by Europeans. In Darwin is fifty etnic groups of Ausralian. Asians , Aborigians, Europeans and Chinese.

In Darwin are very visited places as a Old Police Station and Courthouse , Old Darwin Town Hall , Lyons Cottage , Parliament house , Bicentennial Park , Admiraly house and Stokes Hill Wharf. The very famus place is Museum and Art Gallery of the Northern Territry. Here are from modern art to Aboriginal cultural art. In 1974 was in Darwin cyclone Tracy. Cyclon Tracy has very big speed of wind – 280 km/h. After calculating forfeiture was 66 people death , thousands of people injured and 95 % buildings was destroyed. Not far of Darwin is Kakadu National Park. Kakadu is under security of UNESCO ,too. Thi national park has area of about 20 000 sq km. In this park si very famous an visited South Aligator River – in this river are very crocodiles and on some places is prohibited swimming. Next there are Zellow Water , Ubirr Rock ( here are many pictures on the wall , wich are 20 000 years old ) , Gunlom Falls , Twin Falls , Ranger Uranium Mine and Nourlagie Rock. In this national park are 34 % of every kind of Australian birds, 75 kinds of lizards , 1 200 kinds of plants and 10 000 kinds of insects – bugs, spiders , butterfly ,etc. In North teritory is next very well-known city Alice Springs. Here is small airport – smaller than in Bratislava , but this airport is very exploited. A few kilometres from Alice Springs is turistic centre with many hotels Yulara. Yulara belongs to Uluru-Kata Tjuta National Park. In tis park world wide known Ayers Rock or Uluru. In Aboriginal language – Oolooroo.
Uluru is 3.6 km long , 2.4 km wide and 348m high. 348m is above the land surface and 5 km is under the lannd surface. This Oolooroo has very big cultural sensus for Aborigians. Uluru has different colour at sunset as at sunrise. A tour arround Uluru is 9.5 km long and you go arround 3 hours. This is in centre of Australia and there are 45°C temperatures. Next natural formation is Kata Tjuta or Olgas.Olgas is not one rock , but that are many big rocks with many gorges.The highest peak is Mout Olga , which is 546 metres high. In this region is for Aborigians sacred wolambi or Mala mala. This is small kind of kangaroo. Centre of Australia is called Outback.

Southern Australia

In this part of Australia is city Adelaide. In Adelaide is river Torrens , which is very popular for young people. In Adelaide you can see Festival Centre , Parliament House , Botanic Garden , South Australian Police museum , Art Gallery of South Australia , very famous Victoria Square , Adelaide Town Hall and Central Market.Very visited is Ayers House. In Southern Australia is Kangaroo Island , whitch is third biggest in Australia. Not far of Adelaide is Barossa Valley.

This is the famoust wine region in Australia. In Southern Australia is a lot of lakes as a Eyrs Lake or Torenses lake or Gairdners Lake.

Queensland

In Queensland is most visited place in Australia except Sydney. This place is called Barrier Reef. Barrier Reef is a big dream for many scuba divers in the world.On this Barrier Reef is a big city Cairns with many restaurants and coffee-bars. This reef is very popular , because the sea is azure neat and there are many jinds of sharks , small fishes , corals , and birds. In Queensland is one of the biggest city in Australia – Brisbane. Through the Brisbane is bleeding Brisbane River. In Brisbane you can see St Stephen´s Cathedral , Sciencntre , Commissariat Stores , Queensland Club , The Mansions and Parliament .Very famous is City Hall from 1930. This City Hall served as the Town Holl. One of valuables of Brisbane is Queensland Cultural Centre. Here are pictures , statues , sculptures , library and restaurants. In this part of Australia is very nice Fraser Island. In this island are very nice places as a Sandy cape , Lake McKenzie , Eli Creek , The Cathedrals , Seventy-Five Mile Beach , Indian Head and Lake Bowrrady. Mount Isa is big city , which has the biggest silver and lead workings on the world. Toward Queensland belong to many islands , which are visited , because there are very popular scuba diving. One of this island is small , but very nice island – Green Island. This island you go arround to 15 minutes.

Victoria

In Victoria are very visited Australian Alps , because this is maybe one place in Australia where we can skiing or snowboarding. In Victoria are Halls gap , Twelvw Apostles and Château Tabbilk – this is the famoust wine-room in Australia. This wine-room looks like as a church. The biggest city in Victoria is Melbourne , which is two days of way by train from Sydney. In Melbourne you can see many gardens and parks as a Carlton Gardens , Fitzroy Gardens , Queen Victoria Gardens , Kings Domain , Flagstaff Gardens , Alexandra Gardens , Treasury Gardens , Yarra Park , Fawkner Park and Princess Park. In Melbourne are very popular Public Baths , St Paul´s Cathedral , Melbourne Town Hall , Museum of Victoria and Library , Flinders Street Station , Melbourne Central , Queen Victoria Markets andthe biggest buildings in Melbourne – Rialto Towers with 64 grounds. Here is Parliament ,too. This city is very visited , because there are many sports recreation grounds.

For example Melbourne Cricket Ground or Melbourne Park where is playing Australian Open in tennis. Through tis city is bleeding river Yarra. Transport through Melbourne is by bus or tramway.

New Southern Wales and Act

In this part of Australia is very famous ,visited and popular city Sydney. Sydney has some sections First and the oldest section is The Rocks. In The Rocks is Sydney Observatory , Garrison Church , Overseas Passenger Terminal , Cadman´s Cottage , Merchants´ House and many small shops.
The most visited places in Sydney are Harbour Bridge and Opera House and AMP Tower. Harbour Bridge is bridge , which merges center of Sydney and north Sydney. Sydney Opera House is one of the aesthetics constructins in the world. AMP Tower is the the biggest building in Sydney. This tower has 305 metres. On the top is restaurant , snack bar , coffee-bar and view. In high of 270 metres is big basin with 162 000 litres of water.In Sydney is the biggest museum in Australia – Australian museum and the biggest 3D cinema on the world – IMAX. IMAX is in other section – Darling Harbour. This is most popular section of Sydney. There is Sydney Aquarium. Next Darling Harbour is other selection – China Town , next is The Domain an Botanic Garden. In Sydney are two most popular beaches in Australia – Manly Beach and Bondi Beach.In Sydney is many kind of transport – bus , train , boat , monorail or tramway. In thi part of Australia are Snowy Mountains and Blue Mountains National Park. In Blue Mountain National Park is very visited , because there are rocks ,which are known as a Three sisters.In New Southern Wales and Act is Canberra ,which is capital city of Australia. There are many galleries and there is Parliament House.

	Tento článok bol vytlačený zo stránky https://referaty.centrum.sk