Heights above the sea level range from 162 to 1118 meters. Middle part of the district is relatively flat, markedly so along the river Ipeľ, with its soil being the most fertile of the whole territory.
The river Ipeľ is quite a large one, especially when taking into account its tributaries: creeks called Krivánsky and Tuhársky potok, Banský potok and Poltarica. The river Rimavica which then flows on to enter a larger river called Rimava and flowing through the district of Rimavská Sobota cuts northern part of the district apart. Beside the mentioned ones also lesser or larger brooks and creeks vivify the numerous forested highlands valleys, enabling agricultural production on the along lying flats and basins. Nevertheless shortage of natural humidity, so needed in agriculture, provoked construction of dams at Ružiná, Tomášovce, Veľké Dravce, Lučenec, Uhorské and Mýtna; these are now supplying enough volumes of water and recently serve as recreational resorts too.
Climatic conditions vary significantly as being determined by the geographic position in the firs place and, on the other hand, by great differences in profile of the landscape. The southern parts enjoy rather a pleasant clime, but the northern ones are in general more coarse. The annual temperatures reach approximately 9,1 °C, precipitation cca 500 mm.
Direction of the winds prevailing is northwest. The climate is typically continental presenting itself with many particular characteristics. Summer in the Lučenec basin is usually hot, with many sunny days and relatively few rains. The feature had sure influenced selection of the Lučenec airport at Boľkovce for center of the Parachutism World Cup Championship in August 1982. The championship has pushed the district of Lučenec into sub – consciousness of the world.
The agricultural soil stocks total falls into five types enabling various production spheres. In general center-european brown soil prevails, occasionally interrupted with medium heavy and rocky grounds. 57,9 percent of the soil is arable while 35,1 percent of the district surface is forested. Socialization of the agriculture is complete, with fifteen co-operative farms and three state farms in successful continuous operation.
Raw materials concerning nonferrous ores with relatively rich deposits of magnesite ore, limestone, ceramic and infractory clays deposits, caoline sands and construction stones are being nonstop explored.