History:

In 1584 was established the first english colony called Virginia and the first permanent settlement was founded in 1607 and was called Jamestown. In 1620 a group of puritan refugees from England known as the Pilgrim fathers reached the coast of North America on their ship Mayflower and founded a settlement Plymouth there. The first colony in the north was called New England. The settlers in New England were hard working, courageous and therefore the colonies were prosperous. During the Great English Revolution the Royalists emigrated to Virginia, where they established large tobacco-plantations. After 1660 the colonies in the South began to replace white labour with black slaves from Africa. The colonies in the north and south were separated by a Dutch colony in the mouth of the river Hudson called the Netherlands with the chief town New Amsterdam on Manhattan Island. In 1664 this colony was captured by Duke of York. In the 18. century there were continual wars between the English and the French. On December the 16. 1773 against the duty on tea about 50 citizens attacked 3 english ships with a cargo of tea and emptied it into the sea. This event is known as "The Boston Tea Party". On July the 4. 1776 Congres proclaimed The Declaration of Independence. That´s why the war for "The rights of Englishmen" changed into the War of Independence. In 1777 the Americans achieved the first great victory at Saratoga and the North was placed under the american control. The war continued in the South about 4 years. The peace treaty was finally signed in 1783. The next period is known as The Period of territorial expansion to the West.

The civil war was caused by the fact, that there existed two economic and social systems: the capitalist one in the North and the slave one in the South. In 1860 the republican candidate Abraham Lincoln won the elections and became the president of the U.S.A. Before he took the office 11 southern states formed the Confederate States of America. In April 1861 civil war began. In 1863 Lincoln issued The Emancipation Proclamation declaring that all slaves in the U.S.A shall be forever free. Now the war had revolutionary basic. On April the 9. 1865 the was was ended. Five days later A. Lincoln was assassinated vy an agent of the South while was attending the performance to celibrate the victory. Next period is called The Period of reconstruction. In 1867 Alaska was bought from Russian for 7 million dollars.