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The American War of Independence
Dátum pridania: | 15.03.2003 | Oznámkuj: | 12345 |
Autor referátu: | TATIANNA | ||
Jazyk: | Počet slov: | 631 | |
Referát vhodný pre: | Stredná odborná škola | Počet A4: | 2.2 |
Priemerná známka: | 2.98 | Rýchle čítanie: | 3m 40s |
Pomalé čítanie: | 5m 30s |
refused any negotiations, they started
the fight for independence
• on 4-th July 1776 the Congress passed the DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE
written by THOMAS JEFFERSON- it contained ideas, such as:
- all people are equal
- everybody has the right to security and liberty
- whenever government becomes destructive it can be abolished and
reorganized by people = the right to revolution
- the 13 colonies formed a union called The United States of America
• in November 1777 the Congress passed the ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION:
- the first constitution of the United States (until 1789)
THE 1-ST PHASE OF THE WAR OF INDEPENDENCE
- the American army was supported by: France, Spain & Netherlands – because
Britain was their main colonial enemy
1776-1779- the American troops were defeated by British army in several battles
but none of them was decisive
1777-the American troops won the battles at TRENTON and PRINCETON
-> these battles encouraged their hopes
-the turning point of the war was the battle at SARATOGA:
- the American troops won
- the French entered the war (they hoped to get back the territories lost
in the 7-Years War)
because the British army could not win in the north they moved to the south
THE 2-ND PHASE OF THE WAR OF INDEPENDENCE
1781- in the battle at YORKTOWN the Continental Army supported by the French
troops led by Lafayette forced the British army led by Cornwallis to surrender
the end of the American War of Independence
• the peace negotiations lasted for two years
-> in September 1783- the PEACE TREATY was signed in PARIS:
- GB recognized the independence of the USA (the western border was at the
river Mississippi)
- FR gained Tobago in the Caribbean Sea and Senegal in Africa
- Spain gained Florida
•1787-the Congress elaborated a NEW CONSTITUTION (it came into effect in 1789)
- it contained federal principles-> every state had its own government but
all were ruled by one central government with:
- the 2-chamber congress- legislative power
- the president-executive power-> the 1-st president became
GEORGE WASHINGTON(1789-1797)
- the greatest court- judicial power
• 1803- the USA bought LOUISIANA from Napoleon Bonaparte
-> this practically doubled their territory
• 1823- the MONROE DOCTRINE was declared:
- the policy of non-intervention of the European countries to the affairs of
the American Continent.