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Slovak National Revival
Dátum pridania: | 02.04.2003 | Oznámkuj: | 12345 |
Autor referátu: | TATIANNA | ||
Jazyk: | Počet slov: | 1 692 | |
Referát vhodný pre: | Stredná odborná škola | Počet A4: | 6.4 |
Priemerná známka: | 3.01 | Rýchle čítanie: | 10m 40s |
Pomalé čítanie: | 16m 0s |
An integrating element of the new state was supposed to be the Magyar language, which led to violent Magyarization.
SECOND PHASE (1820 – 1835)
- the 2-nd generation of the Revivalists concentrated on the fight against Magyarization
- they saw the protection against Magyarization in developing the idea of Slavonic unity, which was even more encouraged by the reinforced international position of Russia, to which other Slavonic nations looked for liberation
- both confessional camps (the Catholics & the Protestants) reacted to this new situation by increased efforts to cooperate
THE PROTESTANTS
- Protestant Pastor JÁN KOLÁR
the author of the conception of Slavonic unity- he advocated the idea that all Slavs are a part of 1 Slavonic nation, which is divided into 4 tribes (Russian, Czechoslovak, Polish and Ilyrian), he believed that the Czechs and the Slovaks belong to 1 Czechoslovak tribe
he closely cooperated with the representatives of the Czech National Movement, such as JOSEF JUNGMAN
to achieve complete unity between the Czechs and the Slovaks he wanted to create a common language for them- he intended to do this by reforming the Czech language by adding some components from the Slovak language into it
-> this language would be inanimate, artificial, and therefore it was refused by both the representatives of the Czech National Movement as well as the representatives of the Slovak National Movement
- Historian & Linguist PAVOL JOZEF ŠAFÁRIK
he supported Kollár’s idea of Slavonic unity
he worked on the ethnographic and the historical research of the Slavs
his works: "The History of the Slavonic language and literature", "Slavonic Antiques", "Slavonic Ethnography"
THE CATHOLICS
- Canon JURAJ PALKOVIČ (the namesake of Professor Juraj Palkovič from the Evangelical Lyceum in Bratislava)
he translated the Bible into Bernolák’s written language
he published Bernolák’s Dictationary
- Prime ALEXANDER RUDNAY
he encouraged spreading of Bernolák’s written language- he supported the effort to translate the Bible and to publish Bernolák’s Dictionary
- the most important writer of Bernolák’s group- JÁN HOLLÝ
his exceptional literary works proved that Bernolák’s written language is a poetic language
his literary work strongly influenced Štúr’s generation and attracted them to the national idea, which finally resulted in accepting the conception of the Slovaks as an individual nation by the representatives of the Protestant intelligentsia
he translated the works of Latin authors into Bernolák’s language (e.g. Anneas from Vergilius) in order to prove that Bernolákovčina is equivalent to other world languages
the most significant national-revivalistic contribution had his historical epics: "Svatopluk", "Cirillo-Metodiada"
-> in these he described the greatness and the power of the Slovak nation with its rich history and its own culture
THE COOPERATION OF THE PROTESTANT AND THE CATHOLIC INTELIGENTSIA
- the centers of the 2-nd generation of the Slovak revivalists were:
Budín- this is where MARTIN HAMULJAK (the main organizer of Bernolák’s movement since 1820’s) acted
Pešť- this is where Protestant Pastor JÁN KOLLÁR acted
-> these two played the main role in developing the cooperation between the Protestants and the Catholics
- 1826- they established the SLOVAK READERS´SOCIETY in Pešť
- 1834- they established the SOCIETY OF LOVERS OF THE SLOVAK LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE in Budín
the chairman: J. Kollár, the secretary: M. Hamuljak
the Society published the almanac "Zora"
-> these supra-confessional cultural societies formed the basis for the cooperation and the unification of the confessionally defined revivalists
THIRD PHASE (1835 – 1848)
- into the forefront of the national movement got the young Slovak intelligentsia led by Ľudovít Štúr » the most important of them:
SAMO CHALUPKA, MICHAL MILOSLAV HODŽA, JOZEF MILOSLAV HURBAN, A. B. VRVHOVSKÝ, CTIBOH ZOCH, A. H.
Zdroje: MANNOVÁ, Elena: A Concise History of Slovakia. Academic Economic Press 2000, BARTl, Július: Dejepis pre 2. ročník gymnázií- Národné dejiny. Slovenské pedagogické nakladateľstvo 2002