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Sobota, 23. novembra 2024
Slovak National Revival
Dátum pridania: 02.04.2003 Oznámkuj: 12345
Autor referátu: TATIANNA
 
Jazyk: Angličtina Počet slov: 1 692
Referát vhodný pre: Stredná odborná škola Počet A4: 6.4
Priemerná známka: 3.01 Rýchle čítanie: 10m 40s
Pomalé čítanie: 16m 0s
 

An integrating element of the new state was supposed to be the Magyar language, which led to violent Magyarization.

SECOND PHASE (1820 – 1835)

- the 2-nd generation of the Revivalists concentrated on the fight against Magyarization
- they saw the protection against Magyarization in developing the idea of Slavonic unity, which was even more encouraged by the reinforced international position of Russia, to which other Slavonic nations looked for liberation
- both confessional camps (the Catholics & the Protestants) reacted to this new situation by increased efforts to cooperate

THE PROTESTANTS
- Protestant Pastor JÁN KOLÁR
 the author of the conception of Slavonic unity- he advocated the idea that all Slavs are a part of 1 Slavonic nation, which is divided into 4 tribes (Russian, Czechoslovak, Polish and Ilyrian), he believed that the Czechs and the Slovaks belong to 1 Czechoslovak tribe
 he closely cooperated with the representatives of the Czech National Movement, such as JOSEF JUNGMAN
 to achieve complete unity between the Czechs and the Slovaks he wanted to create a common language for them- he intended to do this by reforming the Czech language by adding some components from the Slovak language into it
-> this language would be inanimate, artificial, and therefore it was refused by both the representatives of the Czech National Movement as well as the representatives of the Slovak National Movement
- Historian & Linguist PAVOL JOZEF ŠAFÁRIK
 he supported Kollár’s idea of Slavonic unity
 he worked on the ethnographic and the historical research of the Slavs
 his works: "The History of the Slavonic language and literature", "Slavonic Antiques", "Slavonic Ethnography"

THE CATHOLICS
- Canon JURAJ PALKOVIČ (the namesake of Professor Juraj Palkovič from the Evangelical Lyceum in Bratislava)
 he translated the Bible into Bernolák’s written language
 he published Bernolák’s Dictationary
- Prime ALEXANDER RUDNAY
 he encouraged spreading of Bernolák’s written language- he supported the effort to translate the Bible and to publish Bernolák’s Dictionary
- the most important writer of Bernolák’s group- JÁN HOLLÝ
 his exceptional literary works proved that Bernolák’s written language is a poetic language
 his literary work strongly influenced Štúr’s generation and attracted them to the national idea, which finally resulted in accepting the conception of the Slovaks as an individual nation by the representatives of the Protestant intelligentsia
 he translated the works of Latin authors into Bernolák’s language (e.g. Anneas from Vergilius) in order to prove that Bernolákovčina is equivalent to other world languages
 the most significant national-revivalistic contribution had his historical epics: "Svatopluk", "Cirillo-Metodiada"
-> in these he described the greatness and the power of the Slovak nation with its rich history and its own culture

THE COOPERATION OF THE PROTESTANT AND THE CATHOLIC INTELIGENTSIA
- the centers of the 2-nd generation of the Slovak revivalists were:
Budín- this is where MARTIN HAMULJAK (the main organizer of Bernolák’s movement since 1820’s) acted
Pešť- this is where Protestant Pastor JÁN KOLLÁR acted
-> these two played the main role in developing the cooperation between the Protestants and the Catholics
- 1826- they established the SLOVAK READERS´SOCIETY in Pešť
- 1834- they established the SOCIETY OF LOVERS OF THE SLOVAK LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE in Budín
 the chairman: J. Kollár, the secretary: M. Hamuljak
 the Society published the almanac "Zora"
-> these supra-confessional cultural societies formed the basis for the cooperation and the unification of the confessionally defined revivalists

THIRD PHASE (1835 – 1848)

- into the forefront of the national movement got the young Slovak intelligentsia led by Ľudovít Štúr » the most important of them:
SAMO CHALUPKA, MICHAL MILOSLAV HODŽA, JOZEF MILOSLAV HURBAN, A. B. VRVHOVSKÝ, CTIBOH ZOCH, A. H.
 
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Zdroje: MANNOVÁ, Elena: A Concise History of Slovakia. Academic Economic Press 2000, BARTl, Július: Dejepis pre 2. ročník gymnázií- Národné dejiny. Slovenské pedagogické nakladateľstvo 2002
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