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The American Indians
Dátum pridania: | 26.05.2003 | Oznámkuj: | 12345 |
Autor referátu: | Tienka | ||
Jazyk: | Počet slov: | 5 799 | |
Referát vhodný pre: | Stredná odborná škola | Počet A4: | 19.1 |
Priemerná známka: | 2.96 | Rýchle čítanie: | 31m 50s |
Pomalé čítanie: | 47m 45s |
There are 278 reservations in 35 states. The largest reservation is the Navajo - mostly in Arizona with nearly 6,4 million hectares and over 140,000 people .
During these years it had been hoped that Native Americans could be coaxed to abandon their traditional tribal ways and to assimilate into the society of the U.S. Great emphasis was placed on the need to civilize and to teach Christianity to Indians. Young Indians were sent to distant government schools , often tousands of miles from their home reservations. With the 1934 Indian Reorganization Act , Indian tribes were encouraged to organize governments under the terms of the Indian Reorganization Act. Everything was very slow because United States were entering World War II , but after the war a new policy was formulated - that of terminating federal trust responsibility to Native American tribes. Arguing was about that , that Native Americans should be treated exactly as all other citizens.
In many reservations tribal languages and religious ceremonies are recognized with a renewed vigour.Traditional arts aqnd crafts , such as Pueblo pottery and Navajo clothing , continue to be practiced , and some contemporary.There are still a lot of words which are used in English but are Indian words , for example U.S. names of states are almost all in Indian (Alabama- means “Here we shall rest” or Mississippi- comes from word which means “river” or “fish” ). Native American artist such as R.C. Gorman..Some have successfully adapted European stile , but some will never adopt different ways of life..Native American writer N.Scott Momaday is the famous writer of novels and poetry about the Indians and Indian way of life.
The history of Native Americans is very interesting story , because they are very special people closely related to nature , which they respected with all their heart. White people who touhgt that the Indians were savage , trough the history of America proved that in fact they did not understand their culture - religion.
There were great people among Indian chief tribes. Some of them said about their people :
Chief Sitting Bull
“We did not think of the great open plains the beautiful rolling hills and the winding streams with tangled growth as “wild”. Only to the white man was nature “wilderness” and only to him was the land “infested” with “wild” animals and “savage” people. To us it was tame. Earth was beautiful and we were surrounded with the blessings of the Great Mystery.
Zdroje: Encyklopédia historie sveta – Kingfisher Publication , Londýn 1999, Mexička I srednjoamerička mitologija – Irene Nicholson , 1967, Aztékovia, ríša krvi a lesku – Time Life Books , 1992, Mythology (an illustrated Encyclopedia) – Richard Cavenidsch , 1980, Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia – 2002, National Geographic (1491 America before Columbus) – October , 1991